2.1.How the behaviour of companies changes in different parts the world

The results show that respondents assess foreign companies differently depending on the region where they are operating. From this, one may conclude that some companies are more likely to bribe in certain parts of the world.

Figure 5, below, shows the following significant results:

• Respondents in Europe have similar experiences to those shown in the full sample. An exception is that Japanese companies appear to be less likely to make bribes in Europe than in the rest of the world;

• Respondents in Africa, however, paint a very different picture regarding companies from many countries. Particularly notable is the worsening performance of Italy and France, both of which performed relatively poorly in the full sample, when operating in African countries. While Italy remains in the third cluster, its performance when evaluated by respondents in Africa translates into a marked reduction of its score from 5.94 to 5.03. France dropped from the second to the third cluster, from a score of 6.50 to 5.43; and

• Despite a fall in China’s score when considering respondents from Africa in comparison with the full sample, China actually rises from the fourth to the third cluster. This apparent anomaly is a result of the substantial deterioration in the score of companies from India, resulting in India alone forming the fourth cluster.